“我志在展示城市工业风光画作的重要意义”——劳伦斯·斯蒂芬·洛瑞专家指南

40余年来,英国最为人熟知的现代主义艺术家一直以收租人的身份工作生活。我们为您总结了这位备受爱戴的曼彻斯特画家人生与艺术中的十大要点

1. 劳伦斯·斯蒂芬·洛瑞几乎一生都在做收租人

劳伦斯·斯蒂芬·洛瑞(Laurence Stephen Lowry,1887-1976)于1887年出生于曼彻斯特草木繁茂的郊区,是一位地产经纪商和成功女钢琴家的独生子。尽管洛瑞一家属于中产阶级,但为了维持生计仍不得不搬到空气污浊的彭德尔伯里(Pendlebury)工业区。为补贴家用,洛瑞16岁便辍学开始在一间会计事务所工作。

他从来不是一位全职艺术家:二十出头时,他开始当收租人,这份工作一做便是四十年。但他几乎每天下班后都埋头创作,直至深夜——他更坚定否认自己是“星期天画家”,表示“我是一星期每天都画画的星期天画家。

2. 洛瑞师从一位印象派大师学画

由于洛瑞白天全职工作,而其绘画风格又看似稚拙朴实,长期以来一直有观点认为洛瑞是一位自学成才的艺术家。但这远非事实:他在索尔福德艺术学校和市政艺术学院修读油画和素描的晚间课程,师从法国印象派艺术家阿道夫·瓦莱特(Adolphe Valette)。“他对我的影响深远,无法估量。”洛瑞后来承认道。

洛瑞从未采用印象派的技巧或用色创作——他常称自己只用五种颜色:朱红色、象牙黑、普鲁士蓝、赭黄色和铅白色。而他与一众印象派画家的共同点,则是热爱捕捉城市中现代生活的繁忙景象。

3. 一列晚点的火车改写了他的艺术生涯

如今,洛瑞以其笔下英格兰北部工业城市的繁忙景象而为世人所熟知,画中若隐若现的制造厂、壮观的工厂、冒烟的烟囱和大批工人均可见于洛瑞的得意之作。“我志在展示城市工业风光画作的重要意义,因为(此前)没有人认真画过这一题材。”洛瑞如是说。

佳士得伦敦现代英国及爱尔兰艺术部高级董事Rachel Hidderley认为,洛瑞的成就早已远远超过他的志向。“很难想象有多少艺术家敢于尝试在画布上描绘二十世纪的工业大跃进,更不要说以如此卓越而坚定的方式创作。”专家说道。

洛瑞从未采用印象派的技巧或用色创作——他常称自己只用五种颜色:朱红色、象牙黑、普鲁士蓝、赭黄色和铅白色。而他与一众印象派画家的共同点,则是热爱捕捉城市中现代生活的繁忙景象。

3. 一列晚点的火车改写了他的艺术生涯

如今,洛瑞以其笔下英格兰北部工业城市的繁忙景象而为世人所熟知,画中若隐若现的制造厂、壮观的工厂、冒烟的烟囱和大批工人均可见于洛瑞的得意之作。“我志在展示城市工业风光画作的重要意义,因为(此前)没有人认真画过这一题材。”洛瑞如是说。

佳士得伦敦现代英国及爱尔兰艺术部高级董事Rachel Hidderley认为,洛瑞的成就早已远远超过他的志向。“很难想象有多少艺术家敢于尝试在画布上描绘二十世纪的工业大跃进,更不要说以如此卓越而坚定的方式创作。”专家说道。

洛瑞曾经承认,他的创作灵感来自一次令人难以相信的际遇:见到彭德尔伯里车站一列晚点的火车后,他灵光一闪。“我看到艾克美公司的纺织厂:潮湿忧郁的午后天空下……黑色的巨大建筑中充斥着一行行闪着黄色灯光的房间。”洛瑞后来回忆时写下这样的文字。“成百个垂头丧气的小人从工厂中鱼贯而出……这样的景象我见过无数次,却从未真正领会其意,现在我看到了当中真正的内涵,这令我狂喜万分。”

4. 洛瑞的肖像画才能被严重低估

洛瑞的城市风景画作中常见许多细微的非写实风格人像,被称作“火柴人”,但1930年代中至末期,他以全然不同的风格绘画人物,创作出一系列扣人心弦的肖像画作。

洛瑞曾经承认,他的创作灵感来自一次令人难以相信的际遇:见到彭德尔伯里车站一列晚点的火车后,他灵光一闪。“我看到艾克美公司的纺织厂:潮湿忧郁的午后天空下……黑色的巨大建筑中充斥着一行行闪着黄色灯光的房间。”洛瑞后来回忆时写下这样的文字。“成百个垂头丧气的小人从工厂中鱼贯而出……这样的景象我见过无数次,却从未真正领会其意,现在我看到了当中真正的内涵,这令我狂喜万分。”

4. 洛瑞的肖像画才能被严重低估

洛瑞的城市风景画作中常见许多细微的非写实风格人像,被称作“火柴人”,但1930年代中至末期,他以全然不同的风格绘画人物,创作出一系列扣人心弦的肖像画作。

我们尚不清楚洛瑞画中的人物是否真实存在:艺术家似乎将自己的特征与在街上擦肩而过的男女面孔互相混合。据称此系列画作的黯淡氛围来自洛瑞父亲于1932年过世,而母亲则长期卧病在床,艺术家一直与母亲同住,难免情绪低落。

5. 洛瑞曾在二战期间于曼彻斯特担任“火灾警戒员”

曼彻斯特大轰炸期间,洛瑞主动请缨,成为一名志愿火灾警戒员,每周有两至三个晚上在Debenhams或Lewis’s等城中百货商店房顶望风。纳粹德国空军的轰炸改变了城市景观,洛瑞的画作忠实记录下那段战火纷飞的历史。

在《星期六下午》(1941年作)中,一群当地孩童正在一片空地上玩足球,这片空地后面可见四条街上的排屋,不过此处不久后即被炸弹所毁。

6. 二战后,洛瑞的画作渐趋积极活泼

洛瑞画中所绘的城市工人阶级生活情景并不冷酷无情,但亦非欢欣鼓舞。他笔下的人物具有某种一致性,在乏味单调中日复一日例行公事。洛瑞曾曰:“我只描绘贫穷的样子;永远都带着阴霾与昏暗。你绝不会在我这里看到一幅欢乐的画像。”但第二次世界大战结束后,他的绘画风格开始有所改变。

 譬如《黛西·努克公园的快乐市集》(1953年作),描绘了一年一度的兰开夏郡复活节市集。在那个阳光充沛的午后,洛瑞以其敏锐观察力和对细节的关注,绘下售卖气球和陀螺的小贩、头戴尖帽的孩童、狗与婴儿车等等;观者从中得以一窥城市假日生活片段。

《南威尔士游行,圣灵降临节》中,艺术家笔下的人物正为庆祝基督教五旬节圣灵降临节而参加一年一度的游行。

 “画面中描绘的人群依然扣人心弦。”Hidderley如此评论二战后洛瑞的创作。“但现在这些人物更常是在娱乐,而不是工作。”

7. 洛瑞热爱足球

洛瑞是曼彻斯特城足球队的忠实支持者,经常来到主场为球队加油。他亦有数幅画作描绘球迷前往球场或观赏比赛的情景。2011年5月,佳士得伦敦以5,641,250英镑的高价拍出艺术家于1949年创作的知名画作《足球赛》,观者透过此作可以鸟瞰赛场全景,不仅将运动场和球迷尽收眼底,更可见到赛场外的房屋与工厂。

洛瑞心系足球俱乐部的热忱从未被忘记:2016年,曼城队拥有者将一幅(未知)洛瑞画作赠予球队即将卸任的主教练曼努埃尔·佩莱格里尼(Manuel Pellegrini)。

8. 洛瑞一生都热爱大海

洛瑞幼时起便常常来到海畔,与家人一同在北威尔士里尔市等地度假。“我一直都热爱大海。”他后来回忆道。“海洋是多么的美妙,但同时又是多么的恐怖。我常常想……若是它突然改变主意,不再翻滚波涛——而是向我们直直扑来会怎样?若是它从不停歇,只是不断撞击、撞击、撞击……那将是全世界的末日。”

洛瑞于1940、50及60年代绘下数幅海洋画作。Hidderley表示,这些画面中可见浩瀚无垠的海天相接,只有地平线从中分隔,“作品空旷的像是抽象艺术。”画中不见一人一物,见证大自然无可衡量的超然存在和强大力量。

1968年,洛瑞本有可能获得骑士爵位,但他拒绝接受。“我一生中最反感的就是任何形式的社会分歧。”他这样对英国首相哈罗德·威尔逊(Harold Wilson)解释道。

10. 他最钟爱的艺术家是但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂

1948年起,洛瑞的创作开始为其带来可观收入,他于是搬到曼彻斯特附近的朗登达尔莫特拉姆居住,那是个富裕的乡郊。他亦开始收藏自己喜爱的 艺术家作品,尤其是前拉斐尔时期的艺术家但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂(Dante Gabriel Rossetti)。洛瑞甚至成立了一个“罗塞蒂协会”,并成为第一任会长。“没有艺术家同罗塞蒂一样,他的女子(画作)十分精妙。”

劳伦斯·斯蒂芬·洛瑞于1976年逝世,享年88岁。他一生未婚,膝下无子,身后留下了一大批罗塞蒂的油画和素描作品。

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L.S. Lowry spent almost his entire working life as a rent collector

Born in 1887 and raised in the leafy outskirts of Manchester, Laurence Stephen Lowry was an only child. His father was an estate agent, his mother an aspiring pianist. Although the family was middle class, financial difficulties meant they had to move to the insalubrious industrial area of Pendlebury. To help make ends meet, Lowry left school at 16 and clerked at an accountancy firm.

Lowry trained under an Impressionist master

Given his day job and the seemingly naive style of his paintings, it was long assumed that Lowry was self-taught. This is far from true: he took evening classes in painting and drawing at the Salford School of Art and the Municipal College of Art, where he studied under the French Impressionist Pierre Adolphe Valette. ‘I cannot overestimate his effect on me,’ Lowry later said of him.

Lowry was never a full-time artist: in his early twenties, he took a job as a rent collector, and this would be his primary trade for the next four decades. But he painted most days after work, late into the night — and firmly rejected the label of ‘Sunday painter’, remarking, ‘I’m a Sunday painter who paints every day of the week!’

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), A Village Scene, Rhuddlan, 1924. Pencil on paper. 9½ x 13½ in (24 x 34.3 cm). Sold for £38,100 on 19 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

洛瑞从未采用印象派的技巧或用色创作——他常称自己只用五种颜色:朱红色、象牙黑、普鲁士蓝、赭黄色和铅白色。而他与一众印象派画家的共同点,则是热爱捕捉城市中现代生活的繁忙景象。

3. 一列晚点的火车改写了他的艺术生涯

如今,洛瑞以其笔下英格兰北部工业城市的繁忙景象而为世人所熟知,画中若隐若现的制造厂、壮观的工厂、冒烟的烟囱和大批工人均可见于洛瑞的得意之作。“我志在展示城市工业风光画作的重要意义,因为(此前)没有人认真画过这一题材。”洛瑞如是说。

佳士得伦敦现代英国及爱尔兰艺术部高级董事Rachel Hidderley认为,洛瑞的成就早已远远超过他的志向。“很难想象有多少艺术家敢于尝试在画布上描绘二十世纪的工业大跃进,更不要说以如此卓越而坚定的方式创作。”专家说道。

A missed train changed his career

Today, Lowry is best remembered for his busy scenes of England’s industrial north, complete with looming mills, imposing factories, smoking chimneys and massed ranks of workers. ‘My ambition was to put the industrial scene on the map because nobody [before] had seriously done it,’ he said.

Lowry more than achieved that — it’s hard to think of many artists who dared take on the great industrial progress of the 20th century, let alone paint it so compellingly.

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), The Black Tower, 1938. Oil on canvas. 21 x 15½ in (53.3 x 39.4 cm). Sold for £406,400 on 18 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

洛瑞曾经承认,他的创作灵感来自一次令人难以相信的际遇:见到彭德尔伯里车站一列晚点的火车后,他灵光一闪。“我看到艾克美公司的纺织厂:潮湿忧郁的午后天空下……黑色的巨大建筑中充斥着一行行闪着黄色灯光的房间。”洛瑞后来回忆时写下这样的文字。“成百个垂头丧气的小人从工厂中鱼贯而出……这样的景象我见过无数次,却从未真正领会其意,现在我看到了当中真正的内涵,这令我狂喜万分。”

4. 洛瑞的肖像画才能被严重低估

洛瑞的城市风景画作中常见许多细微的非写实风格人像,被称作“火柴人”,但1930年代中至末期,他以全然不同的风格绘画人物,创作出一系列扣人心弦的肖像画作。

Lowry was an underrated portraitist

Lowry’s cityscapes are populated by stylised figures often referred to as ‘matchstick men’, but in the 1920s and 1930s he took to painting people in a very different way, producing a series of haunting portraits.

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Girl in a cloche hat, 1923. Oil on board. 14 x 10¼ in (35.5 x 26 cm). Sold for £76,200 on 19 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

我们尚不清楚洛瑞画中的人物是否真实存在:艺术家似乎将自己的特征与在街上擦肩而过的男女面孔互相混合。据称此系列画作的黯淡氛围来自洛瑞父亲于1932年过世,而母亲则长期卧病在床,艺术家一直与母亲同住,难免情绪低落。

5. 洛瑞曾在二战期间于曼彻斯特担任“火灾警戒员”

曼彻斯特大轰炸期间,洛瑞主动请缨,成为一名志愿火灾警戒员,每周有两至三个晚上在Debenhams或Lewis’s等城中百货商店房顶望风。纳粹德国空军的轰炸改变了城市景观,洛瑞的画作忠实记录下那段战火纷飞的历史。

He served as a ‘firewatcher’ in Manchester during the Blitz

Lowry volunteered two or three nights a week as a firewatcher on the roof of Manchester department stores such as Debenhams and Lewis’s. The destruction wreaked by the Luftwaffe transformed the city, and this was duly reflected in Lowry’s paintings.

In Saturday Afternoon (1941), a group of local children play a game of pick-up football on a spot of land that — until its recent demolition by bombs — had accommodated four streets of terraced houses.

After the Second World War, Lowry’s art became more upbeat

While never grim or gritty, Lowry’s scenes of high-density, working-class urban life weren’t particularly light-hearted, either. There’s a certain uniformity to his figures and a monotony to their daily grind. As Lowry said, ‘I only deal with poverty; always with gloom. You’ll never see a joyous picture of mine.’ But following the Second World War, the mood of his paintings began to shift.

Fun Fair at Daisy Nook (1953), for example, captures a sunny afternoon at the Lancashire Easter Fair. With his typical powers of observation and eye for detail, Lowry depicts balloon and whirligig sellers, children in pointed hats, dogs and prams; a slice of urban life on holiday. A panoramic view of people at leisure, Sunday Afternoon (1957), sold for £6,290,000 in March 2024 at Christie’s in London.

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Girl with white socks, 1960. Oil on board. 8¾ x 7 in (22.3 x 17.8 cm). Sold for £107,950 on 19 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

7. 洛瑞热爱足球

洛瑞是曼彻斯特城足球队的忠实支持者,经常来到主场为球队加油。他亦有数幅画作描绘球迷前往球场或观赏比赛的情景。2011年5月,佳士得伦敦以5,641,250英镑的高价拍出艺术家于1949年创作的知名画作《足球赛》,观者透过此作可以鸟瞰赛场全景,不仅将运动场和球迷尽收眼底,更可见到赛场外的房屋与工厂。

洛瑞心系足球俱乐部的热忱从未被忘记:2016年,曼城队拥有者将一幅(未知)洛瑞画作赠予球队即将卸任的主教练曼努埃尔·佩莱格里尼(Manuel Pellegrini)。

8. 洛瑞一生都热爱大海

洛瑞幼时起便常常来到海畔,与家人一同在北威尔士里尔市等地度假。“我一直都热爱大海。”他后来回忆道。“海洋是多么的美妙,但同时又是多么的恐怖。我常常想……若是它突然改变主意,不再翻滚波涛——而是向我们直直扑来会怎样?若是它从不停歇,只是不断撞击、撞击、撞击……那将是全世界的末日。”

洛瑞于1940、50及60年代绘下数幅海洋画作。Hidderley表示,这些画面中可见浩瀚无垠的海天相接,只有地平线从中分隔,“作品空旷的像是抽象艺术。”画中不见一人一物,见证大自然无可衡量的超然存在和强大力量。

Lowry loved sport

Lowry supported Manchester City football club, and regularly attended home matches. He also painted several canvases of fans on their way to, or at games. In his famous 1949 work, The Football Match, which realised £5,641,250 in May 2011 at Christie’s in London, the viewer is offered a panoramic, bird’s-eye view of not just the pitch and supporters, but also the houses and factories beyond.

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Going to the Match. Offset lithograph in colours, 1972, on wove paper, signed in pencil, from the edition of 300, published by the Medici Society, London, with the Fine Art Trade. Image: 530 x 685 mm. Sheet: 641 x 785 mm. Estimate: £8,000-12,000. Offered in Prints and Multiples, until 26 March 2026 at Christie’s Online

1968年,洛瑞本有可能获得骑士爵位,但他拒绝接受。“我一生中最反感的就是任何形式的社会分歧。”他这样对英国首相哈罗德·威尔逊(Harold Wilson)解释道。

10. 他最钟爱的艺术家是但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂

1948年起,洛瑞的创作开始为其带来可观收入,他于是搬到曼彻斯特附近的朗登达尔莫特拉姆居住,那是个富裕的乡郊。他亦开始收藏自己喜爱的 艺术家作品,尤其是前拉斐尔时期的艺术家但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂(Dante Gabriel Rossetti)。洛瑞甚至成立了一个“罗塞蒂协会”,并成为第一任会长。“没有艺术家同罗塞蒂一样,他的女子(画作)十分精妙。”

劳伦斯·斯蒂芬·洛瑞于1976年逝世,享年88岁。他一生未婚,膝下无子,身后留下了一大批罗塞蒂的油画和素描作品。

He also had a lifelong fascination with the sea

Lowry began visiting the seaside as a boy, on family holidays to spots such as Rhyl in North Wales. ‘I’ve always been fond of the sea,’ he observed later in life. ‘How wonderful it is, yet also how terrible. I often think… what if it suddenly changed its mind and didn’t turn the tide — and came straight on? If it didn’t stop and came on and on and on and on… That would be the end of it all.’

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Grey Sea, 1970. Oil on panel. 7 x 13¼ in (17.8 x 33.6 cm). Sold for £107,950 on 19 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

Lowry painted a number of seascapes in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. Sometimes these expanses of water and sky, separated only by the horizon line, are so empty they border on abstraction. Free of human beings, they are testament to the immeasurable power and presence of nature.

He turned down a knighthood

Despite working full-time as a rent collector, Lowry enjoyed great recognition for his art in his lifetime. He had his first solo show in London in 1939 at the Lefevre Gallery in Mayfair; he was elected a Royal Academician in 1962; and he served as a visiting tutor at the prestigious Slade School of Fine Art.

Laurence Stephen Lowry, R.A. (1887-1976), Figures Talking. 8 x 5¾ in (20.3 x 14.6 cm). Sold for £60,960 on 19 March 2026 at Christie’s in London

In 1968, Lowry was even offered a knighthood, but he turned it down. ‘All my life I have felt most strongly against social distinction of any kind,’ he told the prime minister at the time, Harold Wilson.

His favourite artist was Dante Gabriel Rossetti

In 1948, as he started to earn good money as a painter, Lowry moved to the affluent village of Mottram in Longdendale, near Manchester. He also began collecting work by artists he admired, particularly the Pre-Raphaelite Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Lowry even started a Rossetti Society, of which he became the first president. ‘There is no one quite like Rossetti,’ he said. ‘His [pictures of] women are very wonderful.’

L.S. Lowry died in 1976, at the age of 88. Unmarried and childless, he left behind a host of paintings and drawings by Rossetti.

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Prints and Multiples is live for bidding until 26 March, and on view in London from 14 to 26 March

Related artists: Laurence Stephen Lowry

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