伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·凡·莱因

伦勃朗被誉为荷兰黄金时代最伟大的艺术家,他以对光线、阴影与笔触的卓越掌控,革新了绘画艺术;以不妥协的写实主义与深刻的心理刻画,赋予其场景与人物撼人的情感张力。

伦勃朗于1606年出生在莱顿,1631年后于繁荣的港口城市阿姆斯特丹崭露头角,为新兴的商业阶级绘制肖像圣经故事风景动物习作。他虽从未踏出国门,其艺术却深深受惠于意大利巴洛克画家卡拉瓦乔——这位大师开创的明暗对照法,经由游历荷兰的画家亨德里克·特布吕亨、赫里特·范·洪特霍斯特及迪尔克·范·巴布伦等人,传入荷兰。

自1578年阿姆斯特丹宗教改革后,教会的委托案几近绝迹,伦勃朗转而寻求市政机构的赞助。约1639年的一项委托催生了他最脍炙人口的巨作:一幅描绘当地民兵自暗巷中涌出的巨大而充满动态的群像——《夜巡》(1642年作,现藏于阿姆斯特丹国家博物馆)。

在伦勃朗约三百幅画作中,约有五十幅是自画像,贯穿了他四十年的创作生涯。他将自画像提升至自传的新高度,运用不拘一格的面部表情、道具与服饰,传达其流转变幻的心境。随着岁月推移,他更发展出厚涂技法,以画刀或笔刷的鬃毛堆叠出厚重的颜料,塑造出自己那张历经风霜、满布皱纹且泛着红光的脸庞,肌理触手可及。

伦勃朗同时也是一位多产的版画家。他对各种标记技法与版画的色调层次进行了大量实验,创作了约三百幅蚀刻版画与直刻版画。这些作品在他生前便广传欧洲各地,至今仍被视为该领域的技艺典范。

尽管事业有成,伦勃朗却挥霍无度,将财富大量耗费于艺术品与古董的收藏。1656年,他宣告破产,並交出财产以偿还债务。1669年,六十三岁的伦勃朗在贫困中辞世,葬于一座无名墓穴。然而,他的艺术传承至今。2009年,佳士得以20,201,250英镑拍出伦勃朗的《双手叉腰的男子肖像》,刷新了艺术家的世界拍卖纪录。

探索伦勃朗版画素描与水彩作品


REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Abraham entertaining the Angels

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait open-mouthed, as if shouting: Bust

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Sheet of Studies: Head of the Artist, a Beggar Couple, Heads of an Old Man and Old Woman, etc.

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait in a Cap and Scarf with the Face dark: Bust

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait with Saskia

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait with Saskia

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait in a Velvet Cap with Plume

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait leaning on a Stone Sill

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Self-Portrait etching at a Window

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

The Artist's Mother, Head and Bust: Three Quarters right

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

The Artist's Mother seated at a Table, looking right: three Quarter-Length

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Christ driving the Money Changers from the Temple

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Christ healing the Sick ('The Hundred Guilder Print')

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Christ presented to the People ('Ecce Homo')

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

The Crucifixion: Small Plate

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Christ carried to the Tomb

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Saint Peter in Penitence

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Medea: or The Marriage of Jason and Creusa

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Landscape with a Cottage and a large Tree

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Landscape with Cottages and a Hay Barn: Oblong

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Cottage and Farm Buildings with a Man sketching

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Landscape with three gabled Cottages beside a Road

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Landscape with a Square Tower

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

View of the Diemerdijk with a Milkman and Cottages ('Het Melkboertje')

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Clump of Trees with a Vista

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Peasant Family on the Tramp

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Head of an old Man in a high Fur Cap: Bust

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Bearded Man in a Velvet Cap with a Jewel Clasp

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Old Man with a divided Fur Cap

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Jan Uytenbogaert, 'The Goldweigher'

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Cornelis Claesz. Anslo, Preacher

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Jan Cornelis Sylvius, Preacher

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Woman sitting half dressed beside a Stove

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Woman bathing her Feet at a Brook

SCHOOL OF REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Woman cutting her Mistress's Nails

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (LEIDEN 1606-1669 AMSTERDAM)

Portrait of Jan Willemsz. van der Pluym (c.1565-1644), bust-length; an­d Portrait of Jaapgen Carels (1565-1640), bust-length

Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (Leiden 1606-1669 Amsterdam)

Portrait of Petronella Buys (1610-1670), bust-length, in a brocaded black gown, bobin lace-trimmed double cartwheel ruff and pearled diadem cap

REMBRANDT HARMENSZ. VAN RIJN (1606-1669)

Arnout Tholinx, Inspector